[ fromfile: subobject.xml id: subobject ]

An object can contain another object, in which case the contained object is considered to be a subobject. In Example 2.21, each Square has two Point subobjects. Notice that Point has a member function named ~Point. We discuss this kind of function in the next section.

[ . . . . ]
class Point {
 public:
    Point(int xx, int yy) : m_x(xx), m_y(yy){}
    ~Point() {
       cout << "point destroyed: ("
            << m_x << "," << m_y << ")" << endl;
    }
 private:
    int m_x, m_y;
};

class Square {
 public:
    Square(int ulx, int uly, int lrx, int lry) 
    : m_UpperLeft(ulx, uly), m_LowerRight (lrx, lry) 
    {}
      
    Square(const Point& ul, const Point& lr) :
	m_UpperLeft(ul), m_LowerRight(lr) {}  
 private:
    Point m_UpperLeft, m_LowerRight; 
};

[ . . . . ]

Whenever an instance of Square is created, each of its subobjects is created with it, so that all three objects occupy a contiguous chunk of memory.

The Square is composed of two Point objects. Because Point has no default constructor (^[16], we must properly initialize for each Point subobject in the member initialization list of Square ^[17].

Example 2.22 is the client code which creates instances of the classes discussed.

#include "subobject.h"

int main() {
    Square sq1(3,4,5,6);
    Point p1(2,3), p2(8, 9);
    Square sq2(p1, p2);
}

Notice that even though no destructor was defined for Square, each of its Point subobjects were properly destroyed whenever the containing object was. This is another example of composition.

point destroyed: (8,9)
point destroyed: (2,3)
point destroyed: (8,9)
point destroyed: (2,3)
point destroyed: (5,6)
point destroyed: (3,4)